communicating artery การใช้

• The anterior and posterior cerebral circulations are interconnected via bilateral posterior communicating arteries.
• The anterior communicating artery connects the two anterior cerebral arteries across the commencement of the longitudinal fissure.
• Aneurysms in the posterior circulation ( basilar artery, vertebral arteries and posterior communicating artery ) have a higher risk of rupture.
• About 20 % of adults retain PCA origin from the posterior communicating artery, and in turn, the internal carotid arteries.
• Finally, rupture of the anterior or posterior communicating artery, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and encephalitis are also possible causes of confabulation.
• Oculomotor nerve abnormalities ( affected eye looking downward and outward and palsy ( loss of movement ) may indicate bleeding from the posterior communicating artery.
• An etiology of vascular origin is an aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery which arise superior to the chiasm, enlarge, and compress it from above.
• The brain is supplied with blood by the internal carotid arteries and also by the posterior cerebral arteries; the posterior communicating arteries connects the two systems.
• The PCA begins as a continuation of the posterior communicating artery in 70-90 % of fetuses with the remainder of PCAs having a basilar origin.
• The posterior communicating artery is given off as a branch of the internal carotid artery just before it divides into its terminal branches-the anterior and middle cerebral arteries.
• Blockages to the proximal ( A1 ) segment of the vessel produce only minor deficits due to the collateral blood flow from the opposite hemisphere via the anterior communicating artery.
• The thalamus derives its blood supply from a number of arteries : the polar artery ( posterior communicating artery ), paramedian thalamic-subthalamic arteries, inferolateral ( thalamogeniculate ) arteries, and posterior ( medial and lateral ) choroidal arteries.
• The anterior optic nerve is supplied by the short posterior ciliary artery and choroidal circulation, while the retrobulbar optic nerve is supplied intraorbitally by a pial plexus, which arises from the ophthalmic artery, internal carotid artery, anterior cerebral artery, and anterior communicating arteries.
• Luria's other books written or co-authored during the 1960s included : " Higher Brain and Mental Processes " ( 1963 ), " The Neuropsychological Analysis of Problem Solving " ( 1966, with L . S . Tzvetkova; English translation in 1990 ), " Psychophysiology of the Frontal Lobes " ( first published in 1973 ), and " Memory Disorders in Patients with Aneurysms of the Anterior Communicating Artery " ( co-authored with A . N . Konovalov and A . N . Podgoynaya ).
• These approaches are based on general experience, and the only randomized controlled trial directly comparing the different modalities was performed in relatively well patients with small ( less than 10 mm ) aneurysms of the anterior cerebral artery and anterior communicating artery ( together the " anterior circulation " ), who constitute about 20 percent of all patients with aneurysmal SAH . This trial, the " International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial " ( ISAT ), showed that in this group the likelihood of death or being dependent on others for activities of daily living was reduced ( 7.4 percent absolute risk reduction, 23.5 percent relative risk reduction ) if endovascular coiling was used as opposed to surgery.